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# Sitemaps

TIP

Sitemaps have existed since the first versions of openHAB. Therefore you will probably encounter a lot of examples referring to them throughout the documentation and in older community discussions. ⚠️ Keep in mind that the main UI is not currently able to display them. If you are a new user, it's probably a good idea to start customizing your Overview page first.

In openHAB a collection of Things and Items represent physical or logical objects in the user's home automation setup. Sitemaps are one way to select and compose these elements into a user-oriented representation for various User Interfaces (UIs), including the openHAB app for Android.

This page is structured as follows:

Sitemaps are text files with the .sitemap extension, and are stored in the $OPENHAB_CONF/sitemaps directory. Sitemaps follow the syntax described in this article.

For easy editing of sitemap definition files, we suggest to use one of the openHAB supporting editors. These provide full IDE support for sitemap files, including syntax checking and auto-completion.

The openHAB runtime distribution comes with a demo configuration package containing a sitemap file named demo.sitemap (opens new window). You may find it useful to use this file as a starting point in creating a sitemap that fits your personal home setup.

The following example illustrates what a typical Sitemap definition might look like:

sitemap demo label="My home automation" {
    Frame label="Date" {
        Text item=Date
    }
    Frame label="Demo" {
        Switch item=Lights icon="light"
        Text item=LR_Temperature label="Livingroom [%.1f °C]"
        Group item=Heating
        Text item=LR_Multimedia_Summary label="Multimedia [%s]" icon="video" {
            Selection item=LR_TV_Channel mappings=[0="off", 1="DasErste", 2="BBC One", 3="Cartoon Network"]
            Slider item=LR_TV_Volume
        }
    }
}

This textual UI configuration will produce a user interface similar to this: Presentation of the example in BasicUI

A full explanation for this example can be found at the end of this article.

# Concepts

Elements: Sitemaps are composed by arranging various user interface elements. A set of different element types supports a user-friendly and clear presentation. The example above contains Frame, Text and Switch elements among others. Elements present information, allow interaction and are highly configurable based on the system state. One line of Sitemap element definition produces one corresponding UI element. As shown in the example, each element generates a descriptive text next to an icon on the left side and a status and/or interaction elements on the right.

Parameters: A certain set of parameters can be configured to customize the presentation of an element. In the shown example item, label and valuecolor are parameters. Almost all parameters are optional, some are however needed to result in a meaningful user interface. To avoid very long or unstructured lines of element definition, parameters can be broken down to multiple code lines.

Blocks: By encapsulating elements with curly brackets, multiple elements can be nested inside or behind others. The Frame element type is often used in combination with element blocks. Frames are used to visually distinguish multiple elements of the same topic on one interface page. When using code blocks behind other element types such as Text or Group, these UI elements will, in addition to their normal function, be links to a new view, presenting the nested elements. In the above example, multiple Frames are defined and some elements are not visible on the main view but are accessible behind their parent element. These are indicated by the ">" control icon on the right of an element.

Dependencies: A typical sitemap contains dozens of individual elements. A system state and possible interactions are however often closely dependent. openHAB supports these dependencies by providing parameters for dynamic behavior. Be sure to check out the Dynamic Sitemaps chapter.

For the technically interested: The Sitemap definition language is an Xtext Domain Specific Language and the sitemap file model can be found here (opens new window).

# Special Element 'sitemap'

The sitemap element is mandatory in a Sitemap definition. This element shall be the first line in the sitemap file, and the following code block comprises the entire Sitemap definition.

sitemap <sitemapname> label="<title of the main screen>" {
    [all sitemap elements]
}
  • sitemapname shall always be equal to the Sitemaps file name, e.g. the sitemapname in a sitemap file named demo.sitemap must be "demo"
  • label is free text and will be shown as the title of the main screen.

(Note that the element sitemap is written with a lower case "s".)

# Element Types

The following element types may be used in a Sitemap definition file.

Element Description
Chart Adds a time-series chart object for persisted data.
Colorpicker Allows the user to choose a color from a color wheel.
Default Renders an Item in the default UI representation specified by the type of the given Item.
Frame Establishes an area containing various other Sitemap elements.
Group Concentrates all elements of a given group in a nested block.
Image Renders an image given by an URL.
Mapview Displays an OSM map based on a given Location Item.
Selection Provides a dropdown or modal popup presenting values to choose from for an Item.
Setpoint Renders a value between an increase and a decrease buttons.
Slider Presents a value in a progress-bar-like slider.
Switch Renders an Item as an ON/OFF or multi-button switch.
Text Renders an Item as text.
Video Displays a video stream, given a direct URL.
Webview Displays the content of a webpage.

Choosing the right element type: Data presented by Sitemap elements will almost always originate from a referenced Item. Each Item is of a certain Item type, for example Switch, Number or String.

While not all combinations are meaningful, Items of one datatype may be linked to different Sitemap element types. This provides the flexibility to present Items in the way desired in your home automation user interface.

General remarks on parameters:

  • In the following definitions, parameters in [square brackets] are optional.

  • Parameters must be supplied in the order shown.

  • Common parameters, also known from items definition:

    • item defines the name of the Item you want to present (e.g. Temperature), more details.
    • label sets the textual description displayed next to the preprocessed Item data (e.g. "Now [%s °C]"), more details.
    • icon chooses the name of the icon file to show next to the element, more details.

  • When an Item is defined, you have the opportunity to assign a label and/or an icon at that point. If no label or icon are specified in the Sitemap, then the label and/or icon you assigned to the Item will be displayed. Setting a value for label or icon of a Sitemap element will override the values defined for the linked Item.

It has to be considered that if the label defined in a Channel or an Item contains text and state, these representations have to be overwritten separately in the Sitemap. In the following example a Item which has a label and state defined is overwritten.

sitemap demo label="My home automation" {
    Frame label="Temperature" {
        // Overrides only the text, but will keep the state format from the Item definition
        Text item=Livingroom_Temperature label="Livingroom"
        // Overrides the text and hides any state representation.
        Text item=Livingroom_Temperature label="Livingroom []"
        // Overrides the text and state representation
        // and also changes the state unit to Fahrenheit
        // if the value of the item supports UoM (link below) the value will be transformed.
        Text item=Livingroom_Temperature label="Livingroom [%.2f °F]"
    }
}

UoM = Units of Measurment

  • Additional parameters such as mappings and valuecolor are described below.

# Element Type 'Frame'

Frame [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<icon>"] {
    [additional sitemap elements]
}

Frames are used to visually separate areas of items when the items are viewed in a UI.

Example:

Frame label="Demo" {
    Switch item=Lights icon="light"
    //# and so on...
}

Presentation of the Frame element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Default'

Default item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"]

Presents an Item using the default UI representation specified by the type of the given Item. E.g., a Dimmer Item will be represented as a Slider element while a Player Item will be rendered with player button controls (Previous/Pause/Play/Next).

# Element Type 'Text'

Text [item=<itemname>] [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"]

Presents data as normal text. Most Item types can be used; the values can be prepared and reformatted by using string formatters and transformations. Please refer to the documentation on item State Presentation for details.

Example:

Text item=Temperature label="Livingroom [%.1f °C]" icon="temperature"

Presentation of the Text element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Group'

Group item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"]

Clicking on a Group element will reveal a new view showing all group items using the Default element type. In addition, Item groups may be configured to hold a value, just as with normal items. Please refer to the documentation on Item groups for details.

  • item refers to the name of the Item group to be presented.

Attention: There is no way to override the parameters, change the default element type, change the order, use dynamic tags, or insert other elements (e.g. Chart, Image, Webview, etc) in the subframe generated by the Group element. Please see the Blocks section above for information on how to create a custom subframe with full control over its contents and appearance.

Example:

Group item=gTemperature label="Room Temperatures [%.1f °C]"

Presentation of the Group element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Switch'

Switch item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"] [mappings="<mapping definition>"]

Switches are one of the more common elements of a typical Sitemap. A Switch will present a discrete state Item and allow changing of its value. Note that Switch elements can be rendered differently on the user interface, based on the Item type and the mappings parameter.

  • mappings comes as an array of value-to-string translations, documented further down. Without the mappings parameter, user interfaces will present an On/Off Switch, if mappings are given, several labeled buttons will be rendered.

Examples:

Switch item=LR_CeilingLight label="Ceiling Light" icon="light"
Switch item=LR_TV_Channel label="TV Channel" mappings=[0="DasErste", 1="BBC One", 2="Cartoon Network"]

Presentation of the On/Off Switch element in BasicUI Presentation of the multi-state Switch element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Selection'

Selection item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"] [mappings="<mapping definition>"]

The Selection element type renders the options as a dropdown menu or as a modal dialog prompt, depending on the user interface. The element type is, in its use cases, similar to a Switch with multiple states but has the advantage that the main UI stays clean, and more options can be offered.

Example:

Selection item=LR_TV_Channel label="TV Channel" mappings=[0="DasErste", 1="BBC One", 2="Cartoon Network"]

Presentation of the Selection element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Setpoint'

Setpoint item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"] minValue=<min value> maxValue=<max value> step=<step value>
  • minValue (defaults to 0) and maxValue (defaults to 100) limit the possible range of the value (both included in the range).
  • step (defaults to 1) defines how much the value will change when the button is pressed one time.

Example:

Setpoint item=KI_Temperature label="Kitchen [%.1f °C]" minValue=4.5 maxValue=30 step=0.5

Presentation of the Setpoint element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Slider'

Slider item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"] [sendFrequency="frequency"] [switchSupport] [minValue=<min value>] [maxValue=<max value>] [step=<step value>]

This type presents a value as a user-adjustable control which slides from left (0) to right (100).

  • sendFrequency is used to distinguish between long and short button presses in the classic (web) frontend. This parameter defines the interval in milliseconds for sending increase/decrease requests.

  • switchSupport is a parameter without an assignment.

    • Android app: If specified, a short press on the item row (except the slider itself) switches the item "on" or "off".
    • This parameter has no effect in other UIs.

  • minValue (defaults to 0) and maxValue (defaults to 100) limit the possible range of the value (both included in the range).

  • step (defaults to 1) defines the distance between two possible/selectable datapoints on the slider.

Example:

Slider item=KI_Temperature label="Kitchen"

Presentation of the Slider element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Colorpicker'

Colorpicker item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"] [sendFrequency=<sendFrequency>]

This element is a combined control for something like a rgb or rgbw light where you can adjust brightness as well es the color hue. The down-button decreases brightness to zero and switches the light off. The up-button sets brightness to full but keeps the previous color (hue). The middle button opens an overlay to finetune your color. A color wheel let you pick the hue and a slider allows to set the brightness.

  • sendFrequency is used to distinguish between long and short button presses in the classic (web) frontend. This parameter defines the interval in milliseconds for sending increase/decrease requests.

Example:

Colorpicker item=LR_LEDLight_Color label="LED Light Color" icon="colorwheel"

Presentation of the Colorpicker element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Webview'

Webview item=<itemname> [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"] url="<url>" [height=<heightvalue>]

The content of a webpage will be presented live on your user interface next to other Sitemap elements. Please be aware that Webview elements are not usable by all user interface options.

  • height is the number of element rows to fill.

Example:

Webview url="https://www.openhab.org" height=5

Presentation of the Webview element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Mapview'

Mapview [item=<itemname>] [label="<labelname>"] [icon="<iconname>"] [height=<heightvalue>]

Displays an OSM (opens new window) map based on a given Location Item.

  • height is the number of element rows to fill.

Example:

Mapview item=Demo_Location height=5

Presentation of the Mapview element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Image'

Image [item=<itemname>] [icon="<iconname>"] url="<url of image>" [label="<labelname>"] [refresh=xxxx]

This element type is able to present an image. The image must be available on a reachable website or webserver without password or access token. Alternatively, the image file (e.g. YourImageFile.png) may be stored locally in the $OPENHAB_CONF/html folder, and will be accessible through the static route, https://<my.openHAB.device>:8080/static/YourImageFile.png.

  • item can refer to either an Image Item whose state is the raw data of the image, or a String Item whose state is an URL that points to an image. Some clients may not (yet) consider item.
  • url is the default URL from which to retrieve the image, if there is no associated Item or if the associated item's state is not a URL.
  • refresh is the refresh period of the image in milliseconds ("60000" for minutely updates).

Example:

Image url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/openhab/openhab/images/features.png"

// display a snapshot image from an IP camera, using refresh parameter to get updated images
Image url="https://192.168.1.203:8080/?action=snapshot" refresh=10000

Presentation of the Image element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Video'

Video [item=<itemname>] [icon="<iconname>"] url="<url of video to embed>" [encoding="<video encoding>"]

Allows you to display a video as part of your Sitemap.

Note

Not all video encodings (formats) are supported; you may need to transcode your video. The video must be reachable directly via URL. An embedded and/or protected video is not supported.

  • item can refer to a String Item whose state is a URL to a video. Some clients may not (yet) consider item.
  • url is the default URL from which to retrieve the video if there is no associated Item or if the associated item's state is not a URL.
  • encoding should be set to "mjpeg" for an MJPEG video, or "HLS" for an HTTP Live Streaming playlist (file with .m3u8 extension). If you omit the encoding parameter, openHAB will attempt to automatically select the correct format.

Example:

Video url="https://demo.openhab.org/Hue.m4v"

Presentation of the Video element in BasicUI

# Element Type 'Chart'

Chart [item=<itemname>] [icon="<iconname>"] [label="<labelname>"] [refresh=xxxx]
[period=xxxx] [service="<service>"] [begin=yyyyMMddHHmm] [end=yyyyMMddHHmm] [legend=true/false]
[forceAsItem=true/false]

Adds a time-series chart object for the display of logged data.

  • refresh defines the refresh period of the Image (in milliseconds).

  • service sets the persistence service to use. If no service is specified, openHAB will use the first queryable persistence service it finds. Therefore, for an installation with only a single persistence service, this is not required.

  • period is the scale of the time axis. Valid values are h, 4h, 8h, 12h, D, 2D, 3D, W, 2W, M, 2M, 4M or Y.

  • begin / end sets the beginning and end of the time axis. Valid values are in the format: yyyyMMddHHmm (yyyy = year, MM = month, dd = day, HH = hour (0-23), mm = minutes).

  • legend is used to show or to hide the chart legend. Valid values are true (always show the legend) and false (never show the legend). If this parameter is not set, the legend is hidden if there is only one chart series.

  • forceAsItem is used to show the value of a Group instead of showing a graph for each member (which is the default).

Visit Charts (opens new window) in the Wiki for examples.

Other options to look out for: The Chart element type is a good way to present time series data quickly. For more sophisticated diagrams, openHAB supports the integration of outside sources like most logging and graphing solutions (e.g. Grafana (opens new window)). See this Tutorial (opens new window) for more details.

Technical constraints and details:

  • When using rrd4j persistence, the strategy everyMinute (60 seconds) has to be used. Otherwise no data will be persisted (stored) and the chart will not be drawn properly (see rrd4j Persistence).
  • The visibility of multiple Chart objects may be toggled to simulate changing the Chart period; non-visible Chart widgets are NOT generated behind the scenes until they become visible.
  • When charting a group of item, make sure that every label is unique.

# Mappings

Mappings is an optional parameter for the Switch and Selection element types.

Mapping syntax:

mappings=[value_1="description_1", value_2="description_2", ...]

Examples:

mappings=[ON="on", OFF="standby"]
mappings=[1="DasErste", 2="BBC One", 3="Cartoon Network"]

mappings=[OFF="All heaters off"]
mappings=[15="Gone", 19="Chilly", 21="Cozy"]

As you can see, different Item data types are accepted as mappings values. The first two lines show very typical use cases. Imagine your TV is part of your openHAB setup. Its power state is represented by a binary Switch Item. Its channel number is a discrete number Item that may only be set to one of three states. By using a Switch or Selection element with a mappings array, you can replace these meaningless values with user-friendly descriptions for display on the user interface.

This mapping changes the displayed power state of the TV from "ON" and "OFF" to the more accurate terms, "on" and "standby". Similarly, mapping above changes the numbers "1", "2", and "3" to "DasErste", "BBC One", and "Cartoon Network" respectively.

In the third and fourth examples above, only a subset of the possible values of items belonging to a heating system are presented to the user. This limits the possible input values, which is yet another often occurring use case for mappings.

# Dynamic Sitemaps

All Sitemap elements can be configured to be hidden, color highlighted or to have a dynamic icon, depending on certain Item states. A few practical use cases are:

  • Show a battery warning if the voltage level of a device is below 30%
  • Hide further control elements for the TV if it is turned off
  • Highlight a value with a warning color if it is outside accepted limits
  • Present a special icon, depending on the state of an item (a dynamic icon)

# Visibility

The visibility parameter is used to dynamically show or hide an Item. If the parameter is not provided, the default is to display the Item.

Visibility syntax:

visibility=[item_name operator value, item_name operator value, ... ]

Valid comparison operators are:

  • equal to ==, unequal to !=
  • less than or equal to <=, greater than or equal to>=
  • less than <, greater than >

Expressions are evaluated from left to right. The Item will be visible if any one of the comparisons is evaluated as true, otherwise it will be hidden.

Examples:

Text item=BatteryWarning visibility=[Battery_Level<30]
Switch item=CinemaLight "Cinema light" visibility=[TV_Power==ON]
Switch item=LawnSprinkler visibility=[Day_Time=="Morning", Day_Time=="Afternoon", Temperature>19]

In the third example above, a control for a lawn sprinkler will be visible if it is Morning, OR if it is Afternoon, OR if the temperature is above 19 °C. Combining multiple conditions, for example Morning AND above 19 °C is not supported. To control visibility based upon combining multiple Items, or on more complex conditions, consider defining and using an additional intermediate Item that is set by a Rule. Rules have a rich set of features that can support more involved scenarios.

# Label and Value Colors

Colors can be used to emphasize an items label or its value based on conditions. Colors may be assigned to either the label or the value associated with an Item.

Label and Value Color Syntax:

labelcolor=[item_name operator value = "color", ... ]
valuecolor=[item_name operator value = "color", ... ]

Note that item_name and operator are both optional. If item_name is not provided, the Item name will default to the current Item. If an operator is not specified, the operator will default to ==.

If only a color is specified, that condition is considered as true and that color will be used. It can be used as a last condition to set a default color that will be used in case any of the other previous conditions is true.

The comparison operators for labelcolor and valuecolor are the same as for the visibility parameter.

Examples:

The following three lines are equivalent.

Text item=Temperature labelcolor=[>0="blue"] valuecolor=[22="green"]
Text item=Temperature labelcolor=[>0="blue"] valuecolor=[==22="green"]
Text item=Temperature labelcolor=[>0="blue"] valuecolor=[Temperature==22="green"]
Text item=Temperature labelcolor=[>0="blue", "gray"] valuecolor=[22="green", "gray"]

The line below illustrates the importance of operator order:

Text item=Temperature valuecolor=[Last_Update=="Uninitialized"="gray",
                                  >=25="orange", >=15="green", 0="white", <15="blue"]

Note that expressions are evaluated from left to right; the first matching expression determines the color. If the order of the expressions was reversed, the color assignment would not work properly. Note also, the effect of omitting Temperature and the comparison operator in the expression 0="white" (as compared to ==0="white").

Below is a list of standard colors and their respective RGB color codes.

Color Name Preview RGB Color Code
maroon
⬤
 #800000
red
⬤
 #ff0000
orange
⬤
 #ffa500
olive
⬤
 #808000
yellow
⬤
 #ffff00
purple
⬤
 #800080
fuchsia
⬤
 #ff00ff
pink
⬤
 #ffc0cb
white
⬤
 #ffffff
lime
⬤
 #00ff00
green
⬤
 #008000
navy
⬤
 #000080
blue
⬤
 #0000ff
teal
⬤
 #008080
aqua
⬤
 #00ffff
black
⬤
 #000000
silver
⬤
 #c0c0c0
gray
⬤
 #808080
gold
⬤
 #ffd700

Please take note that colors other than those listed in the list above may be used. Generally, you can expected that valid HTML colors will be accepted (e.g. green, lightgrey, #334455), but note that a UI may only accept internally defined colors, or work with a special theme. The color names above are agreed on between all openHAB UIs and are therefore your safest choice. Colors defined by a human-readable name may be adjusted for higher contrast, e.g. on a dark theme black may be displayed as white, because white has a higher contrast to the dark background compared to black.

# Icons

openHAB allows a set of icons to be assigned to the different states of an Item and therefore to be presented in a Sitemap. Please refer to the documentation on Item configuration for details.

battery-0 battery-30 battery-60 battery-100

# Full Example

Presentation of the example in BasicUI

sitemap demo label="My home automation" {
    Frame label="Date" {
        Text item=Date
    }
    Frame label="Demo" {
        Switch item=Lights icon="light"
        Text item=LR_Temperature label="Livingroom [%.1f °C]"
        Group item=Heating
        Text item=LR_Multimedia_Summary label="Multimedia [%s]" icon="video" {
            Selection item=LR_TV_Channel mappings=[0="off", 1="DasErste", 2="BBC One", 3="Cartoon Network"]
            Slider item=LR_TV_Volume
        }
    }
}

Explanation:

  • The Sitemap "demo" with the shown title "My home automation" is defined.

  • One first Frame with a date stamp is shown.

  • Another Frame with a visual label "Demo" is presented, containing:

    • A Switch for the Item "Lights"

    • A Text element showing a temperature in a given format

    • A Group element. Upon clicking the element, a new view containing all "Heating" Items will be shown.

    • Another Text element showing a "Multimedia" summary, e.g. "Currently playing". The element is additionally the host for a nested block. By clicking in the element, a new view with two elements is presented:

      • A Selection presenting four options in a modal dialog prompt
      • A Slider to set the volume (e.g. 0-100%)

# Further notes and comparison details

  • String comparisons are case sensitive, so ==ON is not the same as ==on.

  • DateTime comparisons are relative to the current time and specified in seconds. So the expression Lights_On_Time > 300 will return true if the DateTime Item is set to a value that's newer than the past 5 minutes (300 seconds).

  • Further examples for defining Sitemaps can be found in our openHAB-Samples (opens new window) section.

Caught a mistake or want to contribute to the documentation? Edit this page on GitHub (opens new window)

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